Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM7HUNW)

Drug Name

Testosterone

Synonyms

AndroGel; Androderm; Androlin; Andronaq; Andropatch; Androsorb; Andrusol; Depotest; Halotensin; Homosteron; Homosterone; Intrinsa; LibiGel; Malerone; Mertestate; Neotestis; Oreton; Orquisteron; Perandren; Primotest; Primoteston; Relibra; Striant; Sustanon; Sustanone; Teslen; Testandrone; Testaqua; Testiculosterone; Testim; Testobase; Testoderm; Testogel; Testolin; Testopropon; Testosteroid; Testosteron; Testosterona; Testosteronum; Testostosterone; Testoviron; Testrone; Testryl; Virormone; Virosterone; Beta testosterone; Cristerona T; Cristerone T; Malogen in Oil; Oreton F; Percutacrine androgenique; Synandrol F; Testoderm Tts; Testopel Pellets; Testosterone and its esters; Testosterone hydrate; Testosterone solution; Testoviron Schering; Testoviron T; Testro AQ; Virilon IM; AA 2500; Andro 100; Andronate 100; Andronate 200; Andropository 200; Andryl 200; CDB 111C; CMC_13449; COL 1621; CP 601B; Everone 200; Sustason 250; Testamone 100; Testred Cypionate 200; Androderm (TN); Androgel (TN); Geno-cristaux gremy; Malestrone (amps); Malogen, aquaspension injection; Neo-Hombreol F; Neo-testis; Oreton-F; Scheinpharm Testone-Cyp; Striant (TN); T-Cypionate; Testim (TN); Testoject-50; Testosterona [INN-Spanish]; Testosterone [Androgenic steroids, anabolic]; Testosterone [INN:BAN]; Testosteronum [INN-Latin]; Trans-Testosterone; Testosterone (JAN/USP); Testrin-P.A; Delta4-Androsten-17beta-ol-3-one; Delta4-androsten-17b-ol-3-one; Androst-4-en-17beta-ol-3-one; Delta(sup 4)-Androsten-17(beta)-ol-3-one; (17beta)-17-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one; (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one; 17-Hydroxy-(17-beta)-androst-4-en-3-one; 17-Hydroxy-(17beta)-androst-4-en-3-one; 17-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one; 17-beta-Hydroxy-delta(sup 4)-androsten-3-one; 17-beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one; 17b-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one; 17beta-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-androstene; 17beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one; 17beta-Hydroxy-delta(sup4)-androsten-3-one; 17beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one; 17beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one; 4-Androsten-17-ol-3-one; 4-Androsten-17beta-ol-3-one; 4-androstene-17beta-ol-3-one; 7-beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Osteoporosis	FB83.0	Approved	[1], [2]
Hormone deficiency	5A61.1	Phase 2	[3]
Male hormonal deficiency	5A81	Investigative	[4], [5]

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

288.4

Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp)

3.3

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

Absorption AUC: The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 104.25 +/- 55.21 mcgh/L [6]
Absorption Cmax: The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 5730 +/- 2840 ng/L [6]
BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [7]
Bioavailability: The bioavailability of drug is 10% [6]
Clearance: The clearance of drug is 812 +/- 64 L/day [8]
Elimination: 90% of an intramuscular dose is eliminated in urine, mainly as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.[L8983,L8935,L8938,L8986,L8989,L8992,L8995] 6% is eliminated in feces, mostly as unconjugated metabolites.[L8983,L8935,L8938,L8986,L8989,L8992,L8995] [6]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 10 - 100 minutes [6]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 [9]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 2.97171 micromolar/kg/day [10]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.057% [11]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 80.36 +/- 24.51 L [12]
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.0234 mg/mL [7]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C19H28O2
IUPAC Name: (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Canonical SMILES: C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C
InChI: InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1
InChIKey: MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 6013
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:17347
CAS Number: 58-22-0
DrugBank ID: DB00624
TTD ID: D06XMU
VARIDT ID: DR00108
ACDINA ID: D00666

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Androgen receptor (AR)	TTS64P2	ANDR_HUMAN	Agonist	[4], [5]

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Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Osteoporosis

ICD Disease Classification

FB83.0

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Androgen receptor (AR)	DTT	AR	2.13E-01	-0.07	-0.11
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTP	P-GP	2.80E-02	-1.36E-01	-1.05E+00
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTP	BCRP	1.91E-02	2.50E-01	1.01E+00
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DTP	OATP1B3	1.74E-03	-8.06E-02	-4.03E-01

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Testosterone (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Remdesivir	DMBFZ6L	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Remdesivir.	1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019]	[50]
Repaglinide	DM5SXUV	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Repaglinide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[51]
Glibenclamide	DM8JXPZ	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Glibenclamide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[51]
Tolazamide	DMIHRNA	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Tolazamide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[51]
Nateglinide	DMLK2QH	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Nateglinide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[51]
Insulin-glulisine	DMQI0FU	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Insulin-glulisine.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[51]
Insulin-aspart	DMX7V28	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Insulin-aspart.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[52]
Glipizide	DMZA5PQ	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Glipizide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[51]
Arn-509	DMT81LZ	Moderate	Accelerated clearance of Testosterone due to the transporter induction by Arn-509.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[53]
Dronedarone	DMA8FS5	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Testosterone due to the transporter inhibition by Dronedarone.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[54]
Bedaquiline	DM3906J	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Bedaquiline.	Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52]	[55]
Posaconazole	DMUL5EW	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Posaconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Aspergillosis [1F20]	[53]
Dalfopristin	DM4LTKV	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Dalfopristin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[56]
Telithromycin	DMZ4P3A	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Telithromycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[57]
Pexidartinib	DMS2J0Z	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Pexidartinib.	Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B]	[58]
Lapatinib	DM3BH1Y	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Testosterone due to the transporter inhibition by Lapatinib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[59]
Tucatinib	DMBESUA	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Tucatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[60]
Mifepristone	DMGZQEF	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Mifepristone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[50]
MK-8228	DMOB58Q	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by MK-8228 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82]	[61]
Aprepitant	DM053KT	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Aprepitant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[62]
Nefazodone	DM4ZS8M	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Nefazodone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[63]
Oxcarbazepine	DM5PU6O	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Oxcarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[64]
Cenobamate	DMGOVHA	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Cenobamate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[65]
Stiripentol	DMMSDOY	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Stiripentol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[66]
Rufinamide	DMWE60C	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Rufinamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[53]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Cannabidiol.	Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62]	[53]
Tazemetostat	DMWP1BH	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Tazemetostat mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Follicular lymphoma [2A80]	[67]
Itraconazole	DMCR1MV	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Itraconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F]	[68]
Boceprevir	DMBSHMF	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Boceprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[69]
Telaprevir	DMMRV29	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Telaprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[70]
Rifapentine	DMCHV4I	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Rifapentine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14]	[71]
Brentuximab vedotin	DMWLC57	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Brentuximab vedotin.	Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30]	[72]
Delavirdine	DM3NF5G	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Delavirdine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[73]
Fosamprenavir	DM4W9B3	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Fosamprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[74]
Efavirenz	DMC0GSJ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Efavirenz mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[75]
Saquinavir	DMG814N	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Saquinavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[76]
Etravirine	DMGV8QU	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Etravirine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[77]
Amprenavir	DMLMXE0	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Amprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[74]
Darunavir	DMN3GCH	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Darunavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[78]
Mipomersen	DMGSRN1	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Mipomersen.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[79]
Teriflunomide	DMQ2FKJ	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Teriflunomide.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[80]
BMS-201038	DMQTAGO	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and BMS-201038.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[81]
Conivaptan	DM1V329	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Conivaptan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72]	[82]
PF-06463922	DMKM7EW	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by PF-06463922 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[83]
Selpercatinib	DMZR15V	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Selpercatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[53]
Calaspargase pegol	DMQZBXI	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Calaspargase pegol.	Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33]	[84]
Idelalisib	DM602WT	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Idelalisib.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[85]
IPI-145	DMWA24P	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by IPI-145 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[86]
Clofarabine	DMCVJ86	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Clofarabine.	Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85]	[87]
Arry-162	DM1P6FR	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Testosterone due to the transporter inhibition by Arry-162.	Melanoma [2C30]	[50]
Dabrafenib	DMX6OE3	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Dabrafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[53]
Exjade	DMHPRWG	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Exjade mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64]	[88]
Carfilzomib	DM48K0X	Major	Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Testosterone and Carfilzomib.	Multiple myeloma [2A83]	[50]
Fedratinib	DM4ZBK6	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[89]
Nilotinib	DM7HXWT	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Testosterone due to the transporter inhibition by Nilotinib.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[90]
Dasatinib	DMJV2EK	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Dasatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[91]
Modafinil	DMYILBE	Minor	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Modafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Narcolepsy [7A20]	[92]
Abametapir	DM2RX0I	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[93]
Lefamulin	DME6G97	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Lefamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pneumonia [CA40]	[94]
Lonafarnib	DMGM2Z6	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Lonafarnib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Premature ageing appearance [LD2B]	[95]
Enzalutamide	DMGL19D	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Enzalutamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[96]
Temsirolimus	DMS104F	Moderate	Increased plasma concentrations of Testosterone and Temsirolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway.	Renal cell carcinoma [2C90]	[97]
Leflunomide	DMR8ONJ	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Leflunomide.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[80]
Voxelotor	DMCS6M5	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Voxelotor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Sickle-cell disorder [3A51]	[98]
Telotristat ethyl	DMDIYFZ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Telotristat ethyl mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Small intestine developmental anomaly [DA90]	[53]
Larotrectinib	DM26CQR	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[50]
Trabectedin	DMG3Y89	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Trabectedin.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[53]
Armodafinil	DMGB035	Minor	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Armodafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[92]
LEE011	DMMX75K	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Testosterone caused by LEE011 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[99]
Pitolisant	DM8RFNJ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Testosterone caused by Pitolisant mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Somnolence [MG42]	[53]
Naltrexone	DMUL45H	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Testosterone and Naltrexone.	Substance abuse [6C40]	[100]
Fostamatinib	DM6AUHV	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Testosterone due to the transporter inhibition by Fostamatinib.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[101]
Lusutrombopag	DMH6IKO	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Testosterone due to the transporter inhibition by Lusutrombopag.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[102]
Sirolimus	DMGW1ID	Moderate	Increased plasma concentrations of Testosterone and Sirolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway.	Transplant rejection [NE84]	[97]
Tacrolimus	DMZ7XNQ	Moderate	Increased plasma concentrations of Testosterone and Tacrolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway.	Transplant rejection [NE84]	[97]
Tolbutamide	DM02AWV	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Tolbutamide.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11]	[51]
Chlorpropamide	DMPHZQE	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Chlorpropamide.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11]	[51]
Insulin-detemir	DMOA4VW	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Insulin-detemir.	Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11]	[51]
Insulin degludec	DMPL395	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Testosterone and Insulin degludec.	Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11]	[51]
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Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Beta-D-lactose	E00099	6134	Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Hypromellose	E00634	Not Available	Coating agent
Lactose monohydrate	E00393	104938	Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
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⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Testosterone 30 mg film	30 mg	Buccal Film	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

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6	FDA Approved Drug Products: Vogelxo Testosterone Gel
7	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
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10	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
11	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
12	White CM, Ferraro-Borgida MJ, Moyna NM, McGill CC, Ahlberg AW, Thompson PD, Chow MS, Heller GV: The pharmacokinetics of intravenous testosterone in elderly men with coronary artery disease. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;38(9):792-7.
13	Association of the ABCG2 C421A polymorphism with prostate cancer risk and survival. BJU Int. 2008 Dec;102(11):1694-9.
14	Effect of SLCO1B3 haplotype on testosterone transport and clinical outcome in caucasian patients with androgen-independent prostatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jun 1;14(11):3312-8.
15	A novel screening strategy to identify ABCB1 substrates and inhibitors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;379(1):11-26.
16	Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
17	MDR1 (ABCB1) G1199A (Ser400Asn) polymorphism alters transepithelial permeability and sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):183-8.
18	Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
19	Folate transporter expression decreases in the human placenta throughout pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012 Apr;2(2):123-31.
20	Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8.
21	Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92.
22	Association of genetic polymorphisms in the influx transporter SLCO1B3 and the efflux transporter ABCB1 with imatinib pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Apr;33(2):244-50.
23	Doxorubicin transport by RALBP1 and ABCG2 in lung and breast cancer. Int J Oncol. 2007 Mar;30(3):717-25.
24	Wild-type breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a methotrexate polyglutamate transporter. Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 1;63(17):5538-43.
25	The effect of low pH on breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport of methotrexate, 7-hydroxymethotrexate, methotrexate diglutamate, folic acid, mitoxantrone, topotecan, and resveratrol in in vitro drug transport models. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;71(1):240-9.
26	Role of BCRP as a biomarker for predicting resistance to 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 May;63(6):1103-10.
27	Inhibiting the function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Mar 1;77(5):781-93.
28	Sterol transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) expressed in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20645-51.
29	The phytoestrogen genistein enhances multidrug resistance in breast cancer cell lines by translational regulation of ABC transporters. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jun 28;376(1):165-72.
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56	Product Information. Synercid (dalfopristin-quinupristin) Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
57	Product Information. Ketek (telithromycin). Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ.
58	Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
59	Product Information. Tykerb (lapatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
60	Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
61	Product Information. Prevymis (letermovir). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
62	Product Information. Emend (aprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
63	Product Information. Serzone (nefazodone). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
64	Product Information. Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
65	Product Information. Xcopri (cenobamate). SK Life Science, Inc., Paramus, NJ.
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72	Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
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75	Product Information. Sustiva (efavirenz). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
76	Product Information. Fortovase (saquinavir) Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
77	Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
78	Product Information. Prezista (darunavir). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
79	Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
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81	Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
82	Product Information. Vaprisol (conivaptan). Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc, Nashville, TN.
83	Product Information. Lorbrena (lorlatinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
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85	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
86	Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
87	Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
88	Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
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91	Product Information. Sprycel (dasatinib). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
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93	Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
94	Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
95	Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
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97	Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
98	Product Information. Oxbryta (voxelotor). Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA.
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100	Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
101	Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
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